As such, it is imperative that other methods of transmission prevention should continue to be investigated.Ĭarrageenan covers a range of sulphated polysaccharides and oligosaccharides extracted from red edible seaweed. The emergence of viral mutations threatens the efficacy of our current vaccine strategy. Many countries have started implementing a phased vaccination rollout, however, owing to issues such as vaccine availability, achievement of mass immunisation, particularly for middle- to lower-income nations, is estimated to only be achievable by 2023 at the earliest. Īt present, vaccination and social distancing form the only mode of prophylaxis against COVID-19. High viral load exposure at the onset of disease may be the cause of more serious disease in patient-facing healthcare workers. Furthermore, the risk of developing COVID-19 was doubled among household members of patient-facing workers, compared to those in non-patient-facing roles, when adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity. Healthcare workers in patient-facing roles were three times more likely to be admitted with COVID-19 than non-patient-facing healthcare workers. Essential workers, especially the medical workforce, have been shown to be at a seven-fold greater risk of severe disease and hospitalisation. People in prolonged close contact with an infected person are most at risk. SARS-CoV-2 transmission is largely via respiratory droplets (>5um, travel 1m). A case fatality rate of 0.1% to over 25% has been reported. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global pandemic which spread across the world despite increasingly drastic non-pharmacological interventions (social distancing, mask-wearing and lockdowns).
The causative organism was identified as a novel coronavirus, termed SARS-CoV-2, causing the disease known as COVID-19. In December 2019, clusters of patients presenting with severe pneumonia of unknown origin were reported in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Provence, China. If proven effective, the self-administered prophylactic spray would have wider utility for key workers and the general population.
#China kappa carrageenan iota carrageenan trial#
This is a single-centre, phase III, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess whether carrageenan nasal and throat spray reduces the risk of development and severity of COVID-19. A within-trial economic evaluation will be undertaken, with effects expressed as quality-adjusted life years. Secondary outcomes include symptom type, severity and duration, subsequent familial/household COVID-19 infection and infection with non-COVID-19 upper respiratory tract infections. Primary outcomeĪcquisition of COVID-19 infection as confirmed by a positive PCR swab taken at symptom onset or seroconversion during the study.
#China kappa carrageenan iota carrageenan plus#
Participants randomised in a 1:1 allocation to either the treatment arm, verum Coldamaris plus (1.2 mg iota-carrageenan (Carragelose®), 0.4 mg kappa-carrageenan, 0.5% sodium chloride and purified water), or placebo arm, Coldamaris sine (0.5% sodium chloride) spray applied daily to their nose and throat for 8 weeks, while completing a daily symptom tracker questionnaire for a total of 10 weeks. Methods and analysisĪ single-centre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase III trial was designed. Carrageenan has also demonstrated in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. Carrageenan, a sulphated polysaccharide extracted from red edible seaweed, has shown efficacy against a wide range of viruses in clinical trials through the prevention of viral entry into respiratory host cells. The severity of COVID-19 infection is thought to be associated with the initial viral load, and for infection to occur, viruses including SARS-CoV-2 must first penetrate the respiratory mucus and attach to the host cell surface receptors. The time needed to achieve mass global vaccination and the emergence of new variants warrants continued research into other COVID-19 prevention strategies. At present, vaccines form the only mode of prophylaxis against COVID-19.
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